Everything you need to know: getting started, equipment, find spots, the current legal situation in each federal state, code of conduct and pro tips – compact, honest and complete. By detectorists for detectorists.
The fascinating hobby combining history, exercise and the spirit of discovery
Searching for historical objects with a metal detector is one of the most exciting pastimes for anyone interested in history. Germany's soil holds traces of vanished cultures – from Celts, Romans and Germanic tribes to medieval merchants and the turmoil of the Second World War. The Tumulus culture, Vikings and many others have left valuable items in our soil. Much of it has never been found again. This hobby combines historical research, exercise in the fresh air and the unforgettable experience of recovering an object that has rested untouched in the ground for centuries.
Historical maps, the federal states' geoportals, aerial photos and LiDAR data provide clues to promising search areas. Local chronicles, archives and local historians are also invaluable sources.
Before every search: ask the landowner and, if necessary, apply for an official search permit (Nachforschungsgenehmigung, NFG). This is not an obstacle but the basis of serious work.
Search in parallel lanes with overlap. Pay attention to soil conditions and weather. Record the GPS coordinates, photos and depth of every find.
Report archaeologically significant finds to the responsible heritage authority immediately – with a photo and coordinates. Cooperation pays off; there are often finder's rewards.
Every find tells a story. A coin, a buckle, a button – all were once part of someone's life. You hold a piece of the past in your hands that has lain untouched for centuries.
Hours in the fresh air, often on wide fields or in quiet woods. Metal detecting is healthy, relaxing and the perfect balance to everyday life. You see landscapes from a new perspective.
Detectorist clubs, online forums and regional meet-ups offer exchange, joint searches and mutual support with permits or identifying finds. Hobbies turn into friendships.
Responsible detectorists are a real asset to archaeology. Many important finds of recent years were made by hobby detectorists and made accessible to science.
Photograph every find and note its depth and GPS position. A modern smartphone and apps such as XP GO Terrain make documentation easy. Scientific value only arises through context.
Clean as little as possible! The patina bears witness to the object's age and protects the metal. It is better to have valuable pieces conserved by professionals than to damage them yourself.
What you can search for where – and what you should bear in mind
Careful preparation with historical maps, aerial photos, LiDAR data and archive research makes the difference between success and failure. The better your research, the more targeted – and legally secure – your search will be. Free sources: the federal states' geoportals, BayernAtlas, ordnance survey sheets (Messtischblätter) in the SLUB archive, oldmapsofgermany.de.

The main search area for the majority of detectorists. Deserted villages, militaria, coins from all eras – the range of finds is greatest here. Best time: after the harvest and in spring, when fields have been ploughed.
Farmer's permission
Millers were wealthy, respected people. Busy delivery traffic and manual work mean a higher rate of finds of historical coins and everyday objects. Particularly productive: the area around the access routes.
Obtain permission
Prominent solitary trees along paths or in clearings served as meeting points, resting places and landmarks. Often historical meeting places where coins were lost.
Permission required
Common locations of historical watchtowers and early warning systems. Linked by lines of sight to other towers – important nodes of old communication networks.
Permit required
Romans threw coins into the water with good wishes when crossing bridges. At fords on historical routes, travellers rested and watered their horses – rich find spots.
Check permit requirements
Ideal for retrieval magnets. Wells: weapons, ammunition, historical coins, tools. Jetties: fishing hooks, engine parts, lost items of all kinds. Caution: magnet fishing now requires a permit in many places.
Get a permit for magnet fishing
Castle ruins are usually protected as archaeological monuments – searching here is only allowed with an express special permit. The surroundings outside the ramparts can be more rewarding and easier to access legally.
Archaeological monument – special permit!
Common places of worship and sacrifice, meeting points and ancient observatories. The full range of finds is possible, with an increased likelihood of prehistoric finds from the Bronze and Iron Ages. Often registered as archaeological monuments.
Check protection status!
Very interesting during renovations, with the owner's consent. Old vaulted and wine cellars yield rare finds. The walls should also be searched with the detector – hiding places from times of hardship.
Owner's consent
Ancient places of shelter, sacrifice, burial and hidden treasure. The furthest corners are particularly promising. Caution: Avoid from October to April – bats hibernate there and are strictly protected.
Observe nature conservation
Germany is criss-crossed by old, disused sunken lanes. Once busy trade routes – the range of finds goes back to the Bronze Age. Deep cuttings reveal how intensively they were used.
Get a permit
Places of sacrifice dedicated to Germanic gods. Offerings were made here until the early Middle Ages. Very high probability of prehistoric metal objects – but usually protected as an archaeological monument or nature reserve.
Usually protected!
Rich finds: militaria, coins, badges, identity tags, buttons. Take special care with ammunition finds! If in doubt, do not dig, keep your distance and call the police and the explosive ordnance disposal service.
Ammunition: extreme caution!
Probability of finds almost 100 percent. Modern coins are practically guaranteed. A lot of junk means patience is required – good practice areas for beginners to learn how to use the detector.
Usually allowed without NFG
Probability of finds almost 100 percent – coins and lost jewellery are the rule. Experienced detectorists have paid for their holidays this way. Historical beach finds washed ashore are also possible.
Top tip for beginnersWhat detectorists in Germany need to know in 2026
In Germany, heritage protection law is the responsibility of the 16 federal states. The regulations differ considerably. Always check with the State Office for Heritage Preservation (Landesamt für Denkmalpflege) of your federal state before you start detecting. If in doubt: better to ask once too often than risk a fine.
For decades, Bavaria was considered the most detectorist-friendly federal state, with no state ownership of finds (Schatzregal). Since 1 July 2023, however, a Schatzregal has applied there too (Art. 9 BayDSchG). Movable archaeological monuments become the property of the Free State of Bavaria upon discovery. However, there is still no general search permit in Bavaria as there is in other states.
If you search a public playground, beach or bathing lake for lost everyday objects (keys, jewellery, modern coins), you usually do not need an official search permit – but you always need the permission of the owner or operator. As soon as you deliberately search for historical or archaeological finds, however, an NFG is required in 15 of the 16 federal states.
What you really need – from essentials to pro tips
| Model | Price | Target group | Special feature | Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nokta Simplex 2 | ~ 300 € | Beginner | Waterproof, simple | Single |
| Garrett Ace Apex | ~ 450 € | Beginner+ | Multi-Flex, light | Multi |
| Quest V80 | ~ 550 € | Advanced | Bluetooth, light | Multi |
| Nokta Legend | ~ 750 € | Advanced | Waterproof 5 m | Multi |
| Minelab Equinox 900 | ~ 1.150 € | Advanced | Multi-IQ technology | Multi |
| XP ORX | ~ 700 € | Advanced | Wireless, HF-capable | Single/HF |
| XP DEUS II | ~ 1.440 € | Pro | Fully wireless, FMF | Multi/FMF |
| XP ICON | ~ 499–699 € | Advanced | Wireless, coil IP68/5 m | Multi/FMF |
| Minelab Manticore | €1,999 | Pro | 2D Target Trace | Multi |
From settings to search technique – what really counts
13 rules for responsible metal detecting
Germany is a small country with many people interested in history. Trusting cooperation between detectorists and heritage authorities is the only viable path to success. Well-trained detectorists with their metal detectors are a real opportunity for archaeology – if they act responsibly and according to these principles.
Build a cooperative relationship with your heritage office. Attend the seminars offered in your federal state and use your metal detector responsibly.
Look for new search areas instead of searching at known cultural monuments. Give current excavation protection areas and ongoing archaeological excavations a wide berth.
Always ask for permission if you want to search on private land. Experience shows that landowners usually do not mind and even help with the search.
Do not search areas that other detectorists are already working without asking. Ask whether you can search together with them.
Always record archaeologically relevant finds with GPS and report them promptly with a photo and GPS data to the responsible archaeologists. Also look out for pottery and stone artefacts.
Every intervention in the archive in the ground removes a piece of the puzzle of our history. Document, research and preserve for the general public. Important finds belong in a museum.
Always take a rubbish bag with you. Collect any rubbish you find and dispose of it properly. Metal detecting and environmental protection are not a contradiction – quite the opposite.
Refill all holes you have dug completely. Open holes are traps for small animals and can even cost deer their lives. Leave no trace.
Never walk on or search sown fields and plantations. Damage to agricultural land is legally problematic and harms the reputation of all detectorists.
Always remain friendly when people speak to you while you are treasure hunting – even if they are not well disposed towards you. Ignore informers if you are in the right.
When searching together, show every find and do not hide anything from your partner. Trust is the basis of any good search group. Be a good friend.
Do not give false information about find spots. Experienced archaeologists can tell from the patina and soil residues whether a stated find spot is correct. False information will cost you your NFG.
Report ammunition finds immediately to the police or the explosive ordnance disposal service. Never dig up ammunition. Mark the spot, keep your distance and report it without delay.
The most important questions from beginners – answered honestly
Get personal advice – which detector suits you, your search locations and your budget? Our team will advise you competently and independently of any manufacturer.
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