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Hobby guide for metal detectorists & Treasure hunters

The ultimate guide · as of 2026

Metal detecting in Germany
Hobby guide for treasure hunters

Everything you need to know: getting started, equipment, find spots, the current legal situation in each federal state, code of conduct and pro tips – compact, honest and complete. By detectorists for detectorists.

15+Types of find spots
16Federal states
13Code rules
30+Years of experience

Why metal detecting?

The fascinating hobby combining history, exercise and the spirit of discovery

Searching for historical objects with a metal detector is one of the most exciting pastimes for anyone interested in history. Germany's soil holds traces of vanished cultures – from Celts, Romans and Germanic tribes to medieval merchants and the turmoil of the Second World War. The Tumulus culture, Vikings and many others have left valuable items in our soil. Much of it has never been found again. This hobby combines historical research, exercise in the fresh air and the unforgettable experience of recovering an object that has rested untouched in the ground for centuries.

How to get started in 4 steps

1

Research & preparation

Historical maps, the federal states' geoportals, aerial photos and LiDAR data provide clues to promising search areas. Local chronicles, archives and local historians are also invaluable sources.

2

Obtain permission

Before every search: ask the landowner and, if necessary, apply for an official search permit (Nachforschungsgenehmigung, NFG). This is not an obstacle but the basis of serious work.

3

Search systematically

Search in parallel lanes with overlap. Pay attention to soil conditions and weather. Record the GPS coordinates, photos and depth of every find.

4

Report finds

Report archaeologically significant finds to the responsible heritage authority immediately – with a photo and coordinates. Cooperation pays off; there are often finder's rewards.

What makes the hobby so special?

History up close

Every find tells a story. A coin, a buckle, a button – all were once part of someone's life. You hold a piece of the past in your hands that has lain untouched for centuries.

Exercise & nature

Hours in the fresh air, often on wide fields or in quiet woods. Metal detecting is healthy, relaxing and the perfect balance to everyday life. You see landscapes from a new perspective.

Community

Detectorist clubs, online forums and regional meet-ups offer exchange, joint searches and mutual support with permits or identifying finds. Hobbies turn into friendships.

Citizen Science

Responsible detectorists are a real asset to archaeology. Many important finds of recent years were made by hobby detectorists and made accessible to science.

Documentation

Photograph every find and note its depth and GPS position. A modern smartphone and apps such as XP GO Terrain make documentation easy. Scientific value only arises through context.

Cleaning & care

Clean as little as possible! The patina bears witness to the object's age and protects the metal. It is better to have valuable pieces conserved by professionals than to damage them yourself.

The best Find spots

What you can search for where – and what you should bear in mind

Research first, then search

Careful preparation with historical maps, aerial photos, LiDAR data and archive research makes the difference between success and failure. The better your research, the more targeted – and legally secure – your search will be. Free sources: the federal states' geoportals, BayernAtlas, ordnance survey sheets (Messtischblätter) in the SLUB archive, oldmapsofgermany.de.

Arable land – metal detecting
1

Arable fields

The main search area for the majority of detectorists. Deserted villages, militaria, coins from all eras – the range of finds is greatest here. Best time: after the harvest and in spring, when fields have been ploughed.

Farmer's permission
Old mill – metal detecting
2

Old mills

Millers were wealthy, respected people. Busy delivery traffic and manual work mean a higher rate of finds of historical coins and everyday objects. Particularly productive: the area around the access routes.

Obtain permission
Old solitary tree – metal detecting
3

Old trees & clearings

Prominent solitary trees along paths or in clearings served as meeting points, resting places and landmarks. Often historical meeting places where coins were lost.

Permission required
Hill and viewpoint – metal detecting
4

Hills & viewpoints

Common locations of historical watchtowers and early warning systems. Linked by lines of sight to other towers – important nodes of old communication networks.

Permit required
Old bridge and ford – metal detecting
5

Old bridges & fords

Romans threw coins into the water with good wishes when crossing bridges. At fords on historical routes, travellers rested and watered their horses – rich find spots.

Check permit requirements
Old well – metal detecting
6

Wells & jetties

Ideal for retrieval magnets. Wells: weapons, ammunition, historical coins, tools. Jetties: fishing hooks, engine parts, lost items of all kinds. Caution: magnet fishing now requires a permit in many places.

Get a permit for magnet fishing
Old castle – metal detecting
7

Castles & ruins

Castle ruins are usually protected as archaeological monuments – searching here is only allowed with an express special permit. The surroundings outside the ramparts can be more rewarding and easier to access legally.

Archaeological monument – special permit!
Rocks and menhirs – metal detecting
8

Rocks & menhirs

Common places of worship and sacrifice, meeting points and ancient observatories. The full range of finds is possible, with an increased likelihood of prehistoric finds from the Bronze and Iron Ages. Often registered as archaeological monuments.

Check protection status!
Old vaulted cellars and half-timbered house – metal detecting
9

Old cellars & half-timbered houses

Very interesting during renovations, with the owner's consent. Old vaulted and wine cellars yield rare finds. The walls should also be searched with the detector – hiding places from times of hardship.

Owner's consent
Caves and rock overhangs – metal detecting
10

Caves & rock overhangs

Ancient places of shelter, sacrifice, burial and hidden treasure. The furthest corners are particularly promising. Caution: Avoid from October to April – bats hibernate there and are strictly protected.

Observe nature conservation
Sunken lanes and medieval trade routes – metal detecting
11

Sunken lanes & trade routes

Germany is criss-crossed by old, disused sunken lanes. Once busy trade routes – the range of finds goes back to the Bronze Age. Deep cuttings reveal how intensively they were used.

Get a permit
Springs and bogs – metal detecting
12

Springs & bogs

Places of sacrifice dedicated to Germanic gods. Offerings were made here until the early Middle Ages. Very high probability of prehistoric metal objects – but usually protected as an archaeological monument or nature reserve.

Usually protected!
Old battlefield – metal detecting
13

Old battlefields

Rich finds: militaria, coins, badges, identity tags, buttons. Take special care with ammunition finds! If in doubt, do not dig, keep your distance and call the police and the explosive ordnance disposal service.

Ammunition: extreme caution!
Playgrounds and fairgrounds – metal detecting
14

Playgrounds & fairgrounds

Probability of finds almost 100 percent. Modern coins are practically guaranteed. A lot of junk means patience is required – good practice areas for beginners to learn how to use the detector.

Usually allowed without NFG
Beach and bathing lake – metal detecting
15

Beaches & bathing lakes

Probability of finds almost 100 percent – coins and lost jewellery are the rule. Experienced detectorists have paid for their holidays this way. Historical beach finds washed ashore are also possible.

Top tip for beginners

Legal matters & permits

What detectorists in Germany need to know in 2026

Important: heritage protection is a matter for the federal states

In Germany, heritage protection law is the responsibility of the 16 federal states. The regulations differ considerably. Always check with the State Office for Heritage Preservation (Landesamt für Denkmalpflege) of your federal state before you start detecting. If in doubt: better to ask once too often than risk a fine.

Important change in 2023: treasure trove law in Bavaria

For decades, Bavaria was considered the most detectorist-friendly federal state, with no state ownership of finds (Schatzregal). Since 1 July 2023, however, a Schatzregal has applied there too (Art. 9 BayDSchG). Movable archaeological monuments become the property of the Free State of Bavaria upon discovery. However, there is still no general search permit in Bavaria as there is in other states.

Regulations by federal state

 
Bavaria No general NFG required, but Schatzregal since 7/2023 – strict reporting obligation
 
Lower Saxony Training programme + search permit from the lower heritage authority
 
North Rhine-Westphalia Licensing programme for volunteer detectorists, NFG approx. €75
 
Baden-Württemberg Strict Section 21 DSchG, NFG only in exceptional cases, volunteer helpers
 
Hesse Cooperation models with hessenARCHÄOLOGIE, NFG via the archaeological heritage officer
 
Schleswig-Holstein Compulsory training + permit, good cooperation with volunteers
 
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Seminars & cooperation possible, information page for beach detectorists
 
Saxony Search permit can be applied for, case-by-case assessment
 
Thuringia Application procedure with assessment of the search areas
 
Brandenburg Case-by-case decision by the heritage authority, NFG possible
 
Saxony-Anhalt Strict Schatzregal, permits difficult to obtain
 
Rhineland-Palatinate GDKE responsible, NFG possible for meadows, woodland & excavation protection areas off-limits
 
Saarland Restrictive handling under the SDSchG, exceptions rare
 
Berlin Very restrictive, urban area, NFG only in exceptional cases
 
Hamburg Restrictive, hardly any detecting possible in the city
 
Bremen Restrictive handling in the city area
Cooperation model & viable route Possible to a limited extent Restrictive handling
Rule of thumb: when is detecting (relatively) unproblematic?

If you search a public playground, beach or bathing lake for lost everyday objects (keys, jewellery, modern coins), you usually do not need an official search permit – but you always need the permission of the owner or operator. As soon as you deliberately search for historical or archaeological finds, however, an NFG is required in 15 of the 16 federal states.

The right Equipment

What you really need – from essentials to pro tips

Metal detectors

 
Entry-level detector (€200–450) Simple operation, good discrimination. E.g. Nokta Simplex 2, Garrett Ace Apex, Quest Q40.
Beginner
 
Mid-range (€450–1,100) More settings, greater depth, multi-frequency. E.g. Minelab Equinox 700/900, Nokta Legend, Quest V80, XP ICON.
Advanced
 
Professional detector (from €1,100) Maximum performance, wireless operation, full choice of frequencies. E.g. XP DEUS II, Minelab Manticore.
Pro
 
Gold detectors Specially designed for gold nugget hunting, with PI or high-frequency VLF technology. E.g. Minelab GPX 6000, XP ORX with HF coil, Nokta Gold Kruzer.
Specialist
 
Underwater detector Fully waterproof for rivers, lakes and sea beaches. E.g. Minelab Excalibur II, Nokta PulseDive, Quest Scuba Tector.
Special

Digging tools

 
Detectorist's spade Robust, narrow spade for precise digging with minimal ground disturbance. With notches for checking depth.
Essential
 
Digging knife / digger For precisely cutting the turf and fine work around the find. Hard-forged, ergonomic handle.
Essential
 
Pinpointer Hand-held detector for precisely locating finds in the excavated soil. E.g. Garrett Pro-Pointer AT, XP MI-6, Nokta AccuPoint.
Highly recommended
 
Shovel & rake For deeper digging and quick, clean refilling of holes after recovery.
Recommended

Documentation

 
GPS device or GPS app For precise documentation of find spots. Recommendation: XP GO Terrain app, a GPS logger app or a dedicated device with at least 3 m accuracy.
Essential
 
Find log / documentation Date, location, depth, description, photo – record every find in writing. Required for the reporting obligation of the NFG.
Essential
 
Find pouches & sample bags Several small bags for storing each find separately – label them on site with the date and position.
Recommended

Clothing & other items

 
Knee pads & weatherproof clothing Knee pads protect your joints during long periods of kneeling while digging. Waterproof shoes and gloves for all weathers.
Recommended
 
Detectorist's backpack Specially designed for detectorists: compartments for the detector, tools, finds and personal equipment.
Recommended
 
Retrieval magnet For wells, waters and canal searching. Caution: magnet fishing requires a permit in many federal states!
Optional
 
Rubbish bags Always take some with you! Rubbish found should be disposed of – for the environment and the reputation of the hobby.
Essential

Metal detector comparison at a glance

ModelPriceTarget groupSpecial featureFrequency
Nokta Simplex 2~ 300 €BeginnerWaterproof, simpleSingle
Garrett Ace Apex~ 450 €Beginner+Multi-Flex, lightMulti
Quest V80~ 550 €AdvancedBluetooth, lightMulti
Nokta Legend~ 750 €AdvancedWaterproof 5 mMulti
Minelab Equinox 900~ 1.150 €AdvancedMulti-IQ technologyMulti
XP ORX~ 700 €AdvancedWireless, HF-capableSingle/HF
XP DEUS II~ 1.440 €ProFully wireless, FMFMulti/FMF
XP ICON~ 499–699 €AdvancedWireless, coil IP68/5 mMulti/FMF
Minelab Manticore€1,999Pro2D Target TraceMulti

Technique & practical tips

From settings to search technique – what really counts

Start with medium sensitivity (50–65 percent) and increase it gradually. Use all-metal mode to get to know the terrain, and only then activate discrimination. Carry out ground calibration on every new site. Swing height: 5–10 cm above the ground, even and overlapping. Speed of movement: slowly! Many beginners' mistakes are caused by swinging too fast.
High, clear tone = usually non-ferrous metal (coins, jewellery, bronze). Low, humming tone = iron or junk. Irregular, jumpy tone = trashy area or heavily mineralised ground. Golden rule: dig every repeatable signal – even “medium” VDI values can be coins. Some of the best finds come from signals that others ignore.
Work in parallel lanes with 50 percent overlap. Mark areas you have already searched mentally or with small flags. Change your search direction: search a field first horizontally, then diagonally – this way, signals are picked up from different angles. After a good find: search the immediate surroundings more intensively, as finds are often clustered. When the ground is damp from rain or dew, conductivity is higher – ideal search conditions.
Spring and autumn are high season: the ground is moist and conductive, fields have been harvested or freshly ploughed. Results improve dramatically after rainfall. Summer: hard ground reduces depth, but beach searching is ideal. Winter: also very good when the ground is frost-free and moist. Avoid extremely dry periods – parched soil significantly reduces search depth.
Free sources: the federal states' geoportals (maps, aerial photos, LiDAR), TK25 historical ordnance survey sheets in the SLUB archive, BayernAtlas, oldmapsofgermany.de, address books, church records (archion.de). Paid but valuable: David Rumsey Map Collection, old cadastral maps. Locally: talk to municipal archives, local history museums and district heritage officers. Tip: old postcards often show streets, markets and meeting places that have long since disappeared.
Principle: clean as little as possible! The patina bears witness to the object's age and protects the metal. Coins: only with clean water and a soft brush – no metal polish! Silver: professional electrolytic reduction or a silver dip. Bronze/brass: after drying, seal with microcrystalline wax to protect against further corrosion. Iron: dry immediately and apply rust-protection oil. Never immerse in vinegar or acids – this permanently destroys the surface.
The three most common mistakes made by beginners: 1.) Searching without permission – this can be expensive and jeopardise the entire hobby. 2.) Too much discrimination – many people miss valuable non-ferrous finds just above the iron range. 3.) Swinging too fast – good search depth only comes from slow, even movement. Take your time, get to know your detector and practise in a “test garden” with buried objects at different depths.

Detectorists' code of honour

13 rules for responsible metal detecting

Germany is a small country with many people interested in history. Trusting cooperation between detectorists and heritage authorities is the only viable path to success. Well-trained detectorists with their metal detectors are a real opportunity for archaeology – if they act responsibly and according to these principles.

  • 1
    Cooperation with the heritage authority

    Build a cooperative relationship with your heritage office. Attend the seminars offered in your federal state and use your metal detector responsibly.

  • 2
    Open up new search areas

    Look for new search areas instead of searching at known cultural monuments. Give current excavation protection areas and ongoing archaeological excavations a wide berth.

  • 3
    Permission before searching

    Always ask for permission if you want to search on private land. Experience shows that landowners usually do not mind and even help with the search.

  • 4
    Respect for other detectorists

    Do not search areas that other detectorists are already working without asking. Ask whether you can search together with them.

  • 5
    GPS documentation

    Always record archaeologically relevant finds with GPS and report them promptly with a photo and GPS data to the responsible archaeologists. Also look out for pottery and stone artefacts.

  • 6
    Awareness of history

    Every intervention in the archive in the ground removes a piece of the puzzle of our history. Document, research and preserve for the general public. Important finds belong in a museum.

  • 7
    Environmentally conscious searching

    Always take a rubbish bag with you. Collect any rubbish you find and dispose of it properly. Metal detecting and environmental protection are not a contradiction – quite the opposite.

  • 8
    Refill holes completely

    Refill all holes you have dug completely. Open holes are traps for small animals and can even cost deer their lives. Leave no trace.

  • 9
    Protect crops & plantations

    Never walk on or search sown fields and plantations. Damage to agricultural land is legally problematic and harms the reputation of all detectorists.

  • 10
    Friendliness & composure

    Always remain friendly when people speak to you while you are treasure hunting – even if they are not well disposed towards you. Ignore informers if you are in the right.

  • 11
    Honesty when searching together

    When searching together, show every find and do not hide anything from your partner. Trust is the basis of any good search group. Be a good friend.

  • 12
    No false information about find spots

    Do not give false information about find spots. Experienced archaeologists can tell from the patina and soil residues whether a stated find spot is correct. False information will cost you your NFG.

  • 13
    Report ammunition finds immediately

    Report ammunition finds immediately to the police or the explosive ordnance disposal service. Never dig up ammunition. Mark the spot, keep your distance and report it without delay.

Frequently asked questions

The most important questions from beginners – answered honestly

Yes – at the very least, you always need the landowner's permission. Whether an official search permit (NFG) is also required depends on the federal state and the specific site. In 15 of the 16 federal states, deliberately searching for archaeological finds requires a permit. Bavaria is the exception: there is no general NFG here, but since 1 July 2023 there has been a Schatzregal with a reporting obligation. A special permit is mandatory on registered archaeological monuments throughout Germany. If in doubt: ask the responsible State Office for Heritage Preservation.
To get started, we recommend detectors in the €250–500 range. Good choices: Nokta Simplex 2 (waterproof, simple), Garrett Ace Apex (multi-frequency, light), Quest Q40 (good value for money). Practising regularly with your own detector is more important than having the most expensive one. Many experienced detectorists deliberately start with entry-level equipment to learn the basics.
There is no minimum age – the hobby is suitable for children from about 6 years of age when accompanied by an adult. 6–10 years: light children's detectors such as the Nokta Midi Hoard or Minelab GO-FIND 22, ideal for playgrounds or sandy beaches. 10–15 years: simple entry-level detectors such as the Quest X1 IDmaxX. Important: children should always be accompanied by an adult, and the legal framework must be observed here too.
Photograph it immediately and record the GPS position, do not dig any further and inform the responsible heritage authority straight away. In many federal states there are finder's rewards for honestly reported treasure finds. Archaeologists will assess the find spot. Cooperation pays off: many of the most spectacular finds of recent years were made by responsible detectorists and secured for science.
Stop digging immediately. No vibrations or knocks. Mark the find spot, keep your distance (at least 50 metres) and call the police on 110 (112 in other European countries). Notify the explosive ordnance disposal service (KBD/KMRD). Under no circumstances dig up, move or even dismantle ammunition. Do not panic, but act consistently – there are still thousands of unmarked unexploded bombs from two world wars in Germany.
The costs vary considerably depending on the federal state. In North Rhine-Westphalia they are approx. €75, in other federal states between €50 and €150. Some municipalities even issue the NFG free of charge. The permit is usually valid for one calendar year and must always be carried during the search. In some states (Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein), participation in a training programme is also a prerequisite.
Metal detecting is first and foremost a hobby – not a business model. Experienced beach detectorists can certainly help finance their holidays with jewellery and coins they have found. Anyone who comes across ancient coins, brooches or historical jewellery will occasionally hold pieces of considerable collector's value in their hands. But: do not expect a regular income. The real value lies in the experience, the history and the community – not in making a quick buck.
Researching areas is more crucial than the most expensive detector. If you search poor areas, you will find nothing even with top equipment. Start with historical maps (TK25, original cadastral maps, BayernAtlas), the federal states' geoportals and LiDAR data. Look for clues to deserted villages, old paths, former mills, market places or castles. Compare old and current maps. Talk to local historians and older residents – this is often how you find out about forgotten places.

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