The Fibulae of Europe - Volume 2 - From the Latène Period to the End of the Western Roman Empire

The 2nd volume of the series "The Fibulae of Europe" shows the diversity and the development of forms of the fibulae of the Latène period as well as the Roman fibulae and their replicas in the conquered and free territories. Beginning with the German-speaking countries, the brooches of the Latène period and their provincial Roman form types are dealt with. This is followed by Gallic brooches from France, Celtoid brooches from Britain and the great wealth of forms from Scandinavia and Eastern Europe. Special form developments from southern Russia and the Ukraine are also shown in detail. Special forms from the Iberian Peninsula and a focus on south-eastern European brooches as well as the basic types from Italy round off the historical development of European brooches.

This specialist book brings together dozens of scholarly contributions by well-known authors to provide a fascinating outline of the history of brooches and presents the fascinating development of their forms in a comprehensible manner. The production technique, the use as jewelry and the burial method with fibulae as grave inventory are also explained.

With over 2900 illustrations and the comprehensive index of terms as well as the chronological and regional classification of the respective brooch type (including special forms), the 2nd volume can also be used as an important reference, identification and cataloging work of Celtic and Roman brooches.

Table of contents

Preface 7
Europe The Latène period, its characteristics and classification 8
Central Europe The shapes of the brooches according to their historical significance 10
Central/Eastern Europe Latène brooches 12
Germany Bird's head brooches from Germany (5th century BC) 31
Germany Early Latène brooches from the Gleichberge near Römhild 32
Central Europe Münsingen brooches 34
Germany Early Latène brooches 37
Austria Brooches of the Late Latène Period 40
Switzerland The Latène brooches of Switzerland 44
Central Europe About the shapes of garment pins according to their historical significance - Roman brooches 58
Germany Roman brooches from the Saalburg Roman fort 71
Germany The provincial Roman enamel fibulae of the Rhineland 81
Germany The Urn Cemetery near Darzau, Province of Hanover 102
Europe The Aucissa brooch 118
Europe The absolute chronology of the eye brooch 124
Germany Noric-Pannonian winged brooch 130
Germany Roman provincial brooches 134
Germany Roman thistle brooches 140
Germany Roman provincial brooches 142
Germany Roman knee brooches 149
Germany Roman onion button brooch from Lengerich 150
Germany Roman animal brooches 153
Switzerland Roman brooches from Xanten 155
Switzerland Misoxer brooch 157
France Brooches from the Latène period 158
France Roman brooches 167
Spain Brooch from Mogón, Iberian foot brooches 182
Spain Iberian ring brooches 185
Great Britain Brooches of the Latène Period 186
Great Britain Aesica brooch 192
Great Britain Birdlip brooch 206
Great Britain Brooches of the Latène period and Roman brooches 208
Great Britain Roman brooches in Britain 211
Great Britain Celtic dragon brooch 221
Great Britain Roman animal brooches, fish brooches 222
Ireland Fibulae from Ireland 224
Scandinavia Brooches of the Latène period 234
Scandinavia Special forms of the Latène period 238
Scandinavia Development of Roman brooches from the Latène brooches Group I 240
Scandinavia Roman period brooches Group II 246
Scandinavia Roman period brooches Group III 251
Scandinavia Roman period brooches Group IV 260
Scandinavia Roman Era Brooches Group V 272
Scandinavia Roman Era Brooches Group VI 290
Scandinavia Roman Era Brooches Group VII 301
Scandinavia Roman Era Disc Brooches 309
Scandinavia Roman period provincial Roman brooches 312
Finland Finds from the 5th century AD 316
Poland, Czech Republic Latène brooches 356
Poland East Prussian cemeteries 360
Poland Three-scroll brooches 378
Poland Shield brooches 379
Poland Bull brooches 380
Baltic States, Russia Roman and post-Roman brooches 382
Latvia Fibulae from the Migration Period 390
Russia Roman brooches 396
Russia, Caucasus The development of Russian brooches 402
Ukraine Roman brooches 408
Croatia, Slovenia Latène brooches 410
Croatia, Slovenia Roman fibulae 424
Hungary, Romania Latène brooches 428
Hungary Noric-Pannonian winged brooch 436
Hungary Roman brooches 440
Bosnia-Herzegovina Latène brooches 450
Bosnia-Herzegovina Brooches of the Middle Latène Period 463
Bosnia-Herzegovina Fibulae of the Late Latène Period 477
Bosnia-Herzegovina Lance Brooch 478
Bosnia and Herzegovina Semicircular hinged brooches 480
Bosnia and Herzegovina Early Roman hinged brooch 482
Bosnia and Herzegovina Roman anchor brooches, knee brooches 484
Bosnia-Herzegovina Roman provincial brooches 487
Bosnia and Herzegovina Roman ring, omega and disk brooches 492
Bosnia-Herzegovina Roman onion-button brooches 493
Greece Roman brooches from Olympia 496
Italy Latène brooches 498
Italy Roman brooches 502
Israel Roman brooches 505
Index of authors and image sources 506
Index of brooch names used 519
Index of selected chronologies 523

Primer designations used

Aesica brooch, Fig. 1164, 1189.
Altmark brooch, Fig. 48, 2328.
Ampore brooch, Fig. 408.
Anglo-Saxon brooch, figs. 1300, 1302.
Anchor brooch, figs. 973, 2538, 2540, 2780-2787.
Anthropomorphic brooch, Figs. 2340-2347.
Hinged crossbow brooch, Figs. 278, 795, 2544.
Crossbow brooch with broad base, Fig. 2139.
Crossbow brooch with broad pin holder, Figs. 1893, 1894, 1907.
Crossbow brooch with foot disk, Figs. 1720, 1721, 1784, 1788, 2102, 2108, 2149.
Crossbow brooch with high pin holder and foot knob, Figs. 1628, 1636-1638, 1647.
Crossbow brooch with short pin holder and wide foot, Figs. 1929-1931, 1962-1978.
Crossbow brooch with short pin holder and long foot, Figs. 1932-1942, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1979-1981.
Crossbow brooch with long pin holder, Fig. 2146, 2147.
Crossbow brooch with needle scabbard and straight foot, Fig. 1943, 1949-1951.
Crossbow brooch with pin scabbard and finial, Figs. 1952-1954, 2144.
Crossbow brooch with pin scabbard, Figs. 276, 277, 782, 786, 796, 922, 936, 937, 941, 958.
Crossbow fibula with caterpillar bow, Fig. 2140.
Crossbow fibula with star-shaped base disk, Figs. 1955-1961.
Crossbow brooch with folded foot, Figs. 275, 780, 794, 1706, 1707, 1909-1928, 1996, 1997, 2042, 2056, 2141, 2145, 2150, 2202, 2507, 2861.
Aucissa brooch, Figs. 670-686, 992, 2393, 2873, 2937.
Eye brooch, figs. 613, 614, 687-690, 715, 722, 723, 1413-1424, 1426-1438, 1819, 1845, 1846, 2114-2118.
Axe brooch, figs. 310, 311, 1274.
Backworth brooch; trumpet brooch, Figs. 1163, 1165.
Birdlip brooch, Fig. 1186.
Boat brooch, Fig. 1101.
Wide brooch with cover plate, Fig. 637, 1570-1574, 1576.
Brooch with enamellev426-454.
Bow brooch, Fig. 2203.
Brooch with knob, Fig. 1439.
Bow-knot brooch, figs. 76, 1160, 1161, 1172, 1193, 1440, 2323, 2325.
Certosa crossbow brooch, Fig. 2349.
Certosa brooch, Fig. 2884.
Thistle brooch, figs. 271, 730-744, 756, 854, 855, 921, 924, 1039-1050, 1173, 1212, 1213, 1693.
Double tympanum brooch (modified form), Figs. 136, 137.
Double tympanum brooch, figs. 127, 179, 181, 863, 882-884, 897, 2885.
Double pigeon brooch, Fig. 813.
Double animal head brooch, Figs. 20, 21, 187.
Dragon brooch see seahorse brooch
Three-scroll brooch, Fig. 1600, 2033-2036.
Three-bar brooch, Fig. 726, 1512-1516, 1722, 1725, 1727, 1729, 1791, 1993, 1998.
Three-bar brooch without spiral, Fig. 1886.
Openwork disc brooch with enamel, Figs. 570, 603, 605, 607.
Openwork disc brooch with figure, Fig. 363.
Openwork disc brooch, Figs. 345-348, 351, 353, 364, 365, 598-601, 837, 2024, 2064, 2090-2100, 2167-2177, 2180-2186, 2191, 2407, 2408, 2422, 2425, 2551, 2552, 2554, 2563-2567, 2854.
Dux brooch, figs. 24, 107, 211, 213, 215, 220, 222-225, 907, 908, 1809.
Boar brooch, Fig. 820.
Simple Gallic brooch, Figs. 714, 716, 772, 923, 953-956, 1689.
Single crossbow brooch with broad base, Figs. 1374-1378.
Enamel brooches with animal heads as end buttons, Figs. 312-314, 611, 612, 926, 1002, 1071, 1072.
Brooch with biting animal head, Figs. 2389, 2515.
Brooch with triangular head plate and forked bow, Figs. 334, 335.
Brooch with pierced pin holder, Fig. 1390.
Brooch with foot plate and upper chord, Fig. 1736.
Brooch with foot disk and eye pin, Fig. 1735.
Brooch with foot disk, Figs. 1730-1733, 2006.
Brooch with high needle holder without foot, Figs. 1651, 1652, 1654, 1657.
Brooch with high pin holder and thick cut-off foot end, Figs. 1629, 1630, 1632, 1650, 1658.
Brooch with knee-shaped bow, Figs. 1889-1892.
Brooch with ball horns, Fig. 183.
Brooch with upper chord and high pin holder, Fig. 1879.
Brooch with upper sinew and folded foot, Fig. 1908.
Brooch with upper string, wide bow and roller sleeve, Figs. 1861-1865.
Brooch with upper string, hook and thick foot, Fig. 1874-1878.
Brooch with upper string, hook and flat foot, Fig. 269.
Brooch with upper sinew, roller sleeve and thick foot, Fig. 1880-1885.
Brooch with upper sinew hook and wide bow, Fig. 1852-1860.
Brooch with pelta-shaped head plate, Fig. 1622.
Brooch with flat bow and sinew sleeve, Figs. 1866-1869.
Brooch with rectangular headpiece, Fig. 1744.
Brooch with rectangular head plate, Fig. 1712.
Brooch with roller ferrule and thick foot, Fig. 268.
Brooch with sinew hook, Figs. 1393-1396.
Brooch with sinew sleeve, Fig. 270, 1404-1408.
Brooch with spiral coils, Fig. 53.
Brooch with trapezoid foot, Figs. 1216, 1217.
Brooch with folded foot, Figs. 1588-1599, 1601, 1602, 1704, 1734, 2199-2201, 2208, 2426.
Brooch with folded back foot, Fig. 8, 164-172, 178, 203, 1365.
Brooch with a bow bent twice at right angles, Fig. 302.
Brooch of the Hruš ica type, Fig. 2952.
Brooch of the Jezerine type, Figs. 774, 1641, 2197, 2198, 2306, 2377, 2386, 2741, 2745-2747, 2752, 2753, 2942-2944.
Brooch type Navan Rath, figs. 1293, 1295, 1297, 1308.
Brooch of the Frühlatène scheme with large foot ornament, Fig. 6,129, 909, 2609.
Brooch from the Frühlatène scheme, figs. 1, 22, 23, 25-35, 102, 104, 118-123, 131-133, 173, 174, 176, 177, 184, 185, 191, 193-198, 202, 210, 867-873, 875-878, 880, 881, 892, 910, 1153-1157, 1318, 1816, 1817, 2210, 2438, 2444, 2445, 2453-2457, 2462, 2463, 2468, 2469, 2471-2474, 2570-2589, 2591, 2592, 2889, 2890, 2895-2897, 2899.
Primer of the middle latène scheme, figs. 3, 62, 67, 146-148, 218, 219, 227, 229-254, 256-262, 914-917, 1159, 1162, 1321, 1322, 1339, 1340, 1705, 2357-2359, 2361, 2362, 2364-2366, 2369, 2372, 2380, 2382, 2383, 2439, 2440, 2449, 2623, 2624, 2649, 2655-2658, 2903, 2904, 2906, 2907.
Brooch from the Late Latène scheme with bent bow, Fig. 1831.
Brooch from the Late Latène scheme, Figs. 69, 71-73, 77, 149-152, 1194, 1341, 1344-1348, 1824-1830, 2371, 2378, 2381, 2384, 2923.
Brooch from Mogón, Fig. 1133.
Figural brooch with fully sculpted bow decoration, Figs. 9-11.
Fish brooch, Figs. 805, 815, 819, 1102-1107, 1280.
Winged brooch, Fig. 2379.
Early Latène brooch with swastika ornamentation, Fig. 186.
Foot brooch (Iberian), Figs. 1134-1147.
Foot-ornamen brooch, Figs. 99, 1158, 1309, 1700, 2888, 2900.
Curved fibula, Fig. 75, 1366, 2754.
Gladius brooch see sword brooch.
Brooch with equal arms, figs. 1737-1740, 1755, 1796, 1799-1801, 2087, 2111.
Equilateral brooch with enamel, Figs. 455-518, 602, 604, 606, 610, 849, 857, 928, 1059-1061, 1066-1068, 1089, 1113-1116, 1119, 2550, 2561, 2562.
Equilateral brooch of the Crannóg type, Fig. 1317.
Equilateral brooch, Figs. 273, 274, 370, 406, 407, 783, 925.
Large-headed brooch (late Germanic), Fig. 279.
Hanoverian brooch see rectangular brooch.
Head-stud brooch see head-stud brooch
Helmshagener brooch, Figs. 116, 117, 192, 204, 896.
Helmshagen brooch, Fig. 83.
Horseshoe brooch, Figs. 2188-2190, 2845-2847.
Coil fibula with forked bow, Figs. 308, 309, 320, 331, 332.
Spiral brooch with trapezoidal foot, Fig. 1001.
Kauwitz brooch, Figs. 2314-2316.
Cloverleaf brooch, Fig. 1687.
Kink brooch, Fig. 1384.
Knee brooch with semicircular head plate, Figs. 318, 789.
Knee brooch, Figs. 727, 788, 790-792, 2204, 2428, 2429, 2526-2530, 2532, 2537, 2788-2802.
Knee-shaped curved brooch, Figs. 1551-1561.
Head-stud brooch, Figs. 2122-2129.
Head-stud brooch, Figs. 1184, 1185, 1229, 1245, 1315.
Strongly profiled brooch with support plate, Fig. 266.
Strongly profiled brooch with trapezoidal foot, Figs. 2427, 2508.
Strongly profiled brooch without support plate, Figs. 1449-1455.
Strongly profiled brooch, Figs. 264, 265, 669, 702-704, 706-712, 725, 1442-1448, 2511.
Collar brooch, Fig. 757, 1692.
Crab-tailed brooch, Fig. 2893.
Cross-shaped brooch, figs. 1741-1743, 1745-1748, 1750-1752, 1759, 1760, 1795, 1797, 1798.
Globular brooch with enamel inlays, Figs. 81, 82, 1332.
Globular brooch from the mid-latène scheme, Fig. 7, 57, 263.
Globular brooch, figs. 80, 1331, 1333, 1334, 1352, 1353, 1362, 1363, 2318, 2482, 2663, 2699, 2709, 2715, 2726, 2905.
Langton down brooch, Figs. 945, 967, 1214.
Lance brooch, Figs. 2671-2678, 2711, 2711, 2712, 2755-2762.
Lauterach brooch, Figs. 768, 769.
Legionary brooch see soldier's brooch
Lunula brooch, figs. 2411, 2423.
Marzabotto brooch, figs. 103, 125, 126, 874.
Mask brooch, Fig. 2447.
Millefiori brooch, Figs. 373, 374, 378, 382, 1038.
Misoxer brooch, Figs. 859-862.
Middle Latène brooch with flat plates (Altmark), Fig. 61.
Middle Latène brooch with flat plates, Fig. 60.
Münsingen brooch, Figs. 4, 36, 40, 106, 108-115, 128, 175, 199-201, 208, 209, 894, 900, 2339, 2350, 2360, 2363, 2370, 2478, 2688, 2698, 2704, 2891.
Needle, Fig. 289-291, 1803-1806.
Nauheim brooch, figs. 68, 154, 255, 1190.
Noric-Panonoic winged brooch, figs. 691-701, 705, 1691, 2485-2493.
Noric-Panonoid precursor brooch, Figs. 158, 161.
Omega brooch, figs. 349, 354, 355, 361, 1149, 2848, 2849.
Osterburg brooch, Fig. 79.
Tympanum brooch, Figs. 138, 139, 180, 182.
Horse brooch, figs. 799, 1112, 1279, 1279, 2399-2402.
Plate brooches with enamel, figs. 519-539, 850, 1057, 1058, 1062-1065, 1070, 1075-1080, 1118.
Pomeranian brooch, Figs. 84, 85.
Pressed sheet brooch, figs. 1672, 2021-2023.
Provincial Roman brooch, figs. 284, 285, 717-720, 976-984, 1003-1032, 1386, 1387, 1832, 1834-1837, 1844, 1851, 2803-2811, 2813-2818, 2821, 2823-2826, 2872, 2948, 2949.
Wheel brooch, Figs. 409-411, 569, 575-583, 853, 929.
Rectangular brooch, Fig. 63.
Equestrian brooch, Fig. 800, 821.
Ring brooch (Iberian), Figs. 1150-1152.
Ring brooch, Figs. 350, 352, 356, 357, 1223-1228, 1246, 1250, 1251, 1303-1306, 2470, 2850.
Roller cap brooch, Fig. 624.
S-shaped curved brooch without comb, Figs. 1562, 1563, 2405, 2406.
S-shaped brooch, Fig. 1183.
S-shaped brooch, Figs. 2221, 2223-2226, 2232, 2233, 2251, 2255.
Hinged brooch with sleeve hinge, Figs. 776, 778, 779, 856.
Hinged brooch with T-shaped pin, Fig. 952.
Hinged brooch, Figs. 950, 951, 1069, 1120, 1121, 2390, 2770, 2771, 2773-2779, 2874, 2945-2947.
Hinged brooches with heavily decorated semi-circular arch, Figs. 2763-2769.
Hinged wing brooch, figs. 762, 763, 767, 823, 943, 972, 1204.
Disc brooch (Anglo-Saxon), Fig. 1301.
Disc brooch with curved sheet metal covering, Figs. 359, 1661, 1673, 1674, 1761, 1762.
Disc brooch with enamel, figs. 371, 372, 375-377, 379-381, 383-405, 540-568, 571-574, 584-609, 657, 658, 729, 841, 842, 847, 851, 852, 939, 1262-1264, 1270, 1299, 2178, 2179, 2264-2268, 2270-2275.
Disc brooch with tutuli attachment, Fig. 105, 2187, 2017, 2018.
Disc brooch, Figs. 826, 828, 840, 927, 1051-1056, 1073, 1074, 1117, 1254, 1255, 1683, 1807, 2016, 2019, 2020, 2025-2032, 2089, 2101, 2553, 2555-2558, 2851-2853.
Shield brooch, Figs. 1615, 1646, 1648, 1655, 2037-2039.
Snake brooch, figs. 188, 189, 889, 890.
Loop brooch see brooch with equal arms
Buckle, Figs. 1708-1711, 2083, 2392.
Shoe sole brooch, Figs. 1082-1085.
Weaker profiled brooch, Fig. 1521.
Swan-neck brooch, Fig. 19.
Sword brooch, Fig. 1088.
Seahorse brooch, Figs. 1266-1269.
Sea animal brooch, Figs. 822, 1086, 1094, 1276, 1281.
Soldier brooch, figs. 78, 156, 280-283, 934, 1033-1037, 1125, 1129, 1218, 1222, 1379.
Brooch with button ends, Figs. 2159, 2161, 2162.
Brooch with rungs, figs. 1723, 1724, 1726, 1870, 1887, 1888, 2008, 2009, 2049, 2055, 2062, 2065-2068, 2084, 2086, 2088, 2106, 2137, 2138, 2153-2156, 2158, 2160, 2163-2166.
Star foot brooch, Figs. 1715, 1716, 1719, 2000, 2043, 2142, 2152.
Bull brooch, Fig. 2003, 2040.
Step brooch, Fig. 70.
Swastika brooch (swastika brooch), Figs. 366-369, 1675, 1676, 1679-1682, 1686, 1808, 2424, 2568, 2569.
Pigeon brooch, figs. 798, 801, 807, 809-812, 942, 1098-1100, 1109, 1275, 1278, 2956, 2958.
Animal brooch, Figs. 802-804, 806, 808, 814, 816-818, 824, 1087, 1095-1097, 1108, 1110, 1111, 1271-1273, 1277, 1677, 1678, 2253, 2269, 2403, 2404, 2879.
Trumpet brooch (Pannonian) with animal motif as finial, Fig. 2533.
Trumpet brooch from Aesica, Fig. 1181.
Trumpet head brooch, Figs. 724, 771, 1175-1179, 1187, 1249, 1833, 1838, 2536.
Door lock brooch, Fig. 1265.
Tutulus brooch see disc brooch with tutuli attachment.
Saucer brooch, Fig. 899.
Bird's head brooch, figs. 12-18, 88-98, 100, 101, 124, 879, 888, 2205, 2207, 2451.
Reversible brooch see reversible clasp
Reversible clasp, Fig. 720, 721, 1392.
Windische fibula, Fig. 62.
Wroxeter brooch, Figs. 1230-1232, 1243.
Pincer brooch, Figs. 341, 343, 1695, 2004, 2258, 2509, 2876, 2881, 2951, 2560.
Two-scroll brooch, Fig. 1619.
Two-spiral brooch of Latène form with animal head decoration, Fig. 135.
Two-spiral brooch, Fig. 1643.
Two-spiral brooch, Fig. 1902-1906.
Onion button brooch, figs. 337, 338, 793, 797, 940, 1205, 1252, 1253, 1626, 2431, 2434, 2437, 2547, 2855, 2856, 2858-2860, 2863-2867, 2878, 2957, 2959.

Scope of delivery

• 524 pages
• Format: Paperback
• Published: 22.03.2024
• 2,961 illustrations