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Legal provision for handling metal detectors

Important and up front, this is NOT legal advice and this list is neither complete nor free from doubt. It is intended as a guideline for all interested metal detectorists & local historians.

All information has been compiled to the best of my knowledge, if anyone finds an error, has comments or improvements, please let me know.

Basics:

By federal state
Probing in Bavaria

Bavaria occupies a special position in Germany: It is the only federal state that does not require a general permit for metal detector searches. Nevertheless, there are important rules and obligations to observe.
At a glance
  • Permit requirement: No (exception: ground monuments)
  • Property permit: Yes, always required
  • Obligation to report finds: Yes, for ground monuments
  • Treasure register: Since July 1, 2023

Legal basis
  • Bavarian Monument Protection Act (BayDSchG)
  • No general authorization requirement for Metalldetektoren
  • Obligation to report finds of ground monuments (Art. 8 Para. 1 DSchG)
  • Site must remain unchanged for one week

Responsible authorities
  • Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments (BLFD)
  • Hofgraben 4
  • 80539 Munich
  • P.O. Box 10 02 03
  • 80076 Munich
  • Tel: (089) 21 14 - 0
  • E-mail: [email protected]

Regional contacts
  • Upper Bavaria, Lower Bavaria, Swabia:
  • Dr. Sabine Mayer
  • Tel: 0941 595748-16
  • Franconia and Upper Palatinate:
  • Dr. Ralf Obst
  • Tel: 0951 4095-46

Search areas
Prohibited areas
  • Listed ground monuments
  • Suspected ground monuments
  • Nature conservation areas
  • Private land without permission

Permitted areas
  • Fields (with owner permission)
  • Public areas (by arrangement)
  • Forest areas (with forestry office approval)

Dealing with finds
In the case of ground monuments
  • Immediately report to BLFD or Lower Monument Protection Authority
  • Leave the site unchanged for one week
  • Precise documentation of the site
  • No further excavations at the site

For other finds
  • Documentation recommended
  • Observe property rights
  • Voluntary reporting possible

Best practices
  • Obtain property permission in writing
  • Keep a digital finds diary
  • GPS documentation of the sites
  • Regular contact with the BLFD
  • Participation in archaeological projects

Important information
  • Strict rules apply despite the absence of a permit requirement
  • In case of uncertainty: contact BLFD
  • Be careful with suspected ground monuments
  • Documentation is important for research
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